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为探究黄河口海域沉积物中重金属的季节变化规律及其潜在生态风险效应，本研究于2021年3、6、9和11月对黄河口海域开展了4次季度性调查，系统分析了该海域表层沉积物中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、As、Hg和Cd的空间分布特征、季节动态变化及潜在生态风险水平。结果显示，2021年黄河口海域沉积物中7种重金属的平均含量由高至低依次为：Cr 66.92、Zn 62.98、Cu20.59、Pb 20.35、As 11.67、Cd 0.14、Hg 0.03 mg/kg。依据《海洋沉积物质量》标准评价可知，多数站位重金属含量符合一类标准，仅少数站位的部分重金属超出一类标准限值，符合二类沉积物标准，超标率为4.86%。表层沉积物重金属含量呈现季节性差异，除Hg和Cd外，其余5种重金属含量均表现为春季较高、夏季显著降低、秋季回升、冬季再次下降的相似变化趋势。沉积物重金属的时空变化总体受河口水动力主导的细粒沉积物分布格局及调水调沙引发的脉冲式物源输入调控。以中国黄土重金属背景值为评价基准，获得研究区单一重金属潜在生态风险程度由高到低为：Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn，其中Hg、Cd生态风险指数平均值达中风险水平；7种重金属综合生态风险指数平均值为低风险，但已接近低风险上限，且秋季风险指数最高，冬季最低，提示调水调沙结束后的海洋环境监测需重点关注。
Abstract：To explore the seasonal variation patterns of heavy metals in sediments and their potential ecological risk effects in the coastal areas of the Yellow River estuary, we conducted four quarterly surveys in March, June, September, and November 2021. The spatial distribution characteristics, seasonal dynamics, and potential ecological risk levels of seven heavy metals(Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, As, Hg, and Cd) in surface sediments of the study area were systematically analyzed. Results show that the average contents of the seven heavy metals in the sediments followed the order of Cr 66.92, Zn 62.98, Cu 20.59, Pb 20.35, As 11.67, Cd 0.14, and Hg 0.03 mg/kg. Evaluation based on the China's national marine sediment quality standard revealed that heavy metal contents at most stations fell into Class I. Only some heavy metals at a few stations fell into Class II(occupying 4.86%). The distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments exhibited seasonal differences except for Hg and Cd.The contents of the other five heavy metals showed a similar seasonal variation trend of increasing in spring, decreasing significantly in summer,rebounding in autumn, and decreasing again in winter. The temporal and spatial variations of heavy metals in sediments were generally regulated by the distribution of fine-grained sediments dominated by estuarine hydrodynamic conditions and the pulsed material input caused by the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme(WSRS). Using the heavy metal background values of Chinese loess as the evaluation benchmark, the potential ecological risk degree of single heavy metals in the study area was ranked as: Hg > Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn. Among them,the average ecological risk indices of Hg and Cd reached the medium-risk level. The average comprehensive ecological risk index of the seven heavy metals was at the low-risk level but close to the upper limit of low risk, with the highest risk index in autumn and the lowest in winter.This suggests that marine environmental monitoring after the conclusion of the WSRS requires our attention.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2025072402
中图分类号:X826;X55
引用信息:
[1]仇晓华,王兆忠,邢吉辉,等.黄河口海域沉积物重金属季节变化特征及生态风险评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2025,45(05):56-68.DOI:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2025072402.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目“黄河三角洲海岸带环境监测的生物指标研究：底栖有孔虫种群及壳体元素对环境中重金属污染的响应”（42106086）; 山东省自然科学基金项目“利用底栖有孔虫进行海岸带环境监测的适用性研究——以黄河三角洲为例”（ZR2020MD064）